Sitaram Saraf

Sticklac is the raw, natural form of lac resin secreted by the tiny insect Kerria lacca (formerly Laccifer lacca), which belongs to the superfamily Coccoidea, the same group as mealybugs and scale insects. These insects colonize the tender branches of specific host trees—most notably Palas (Butea monosperma), Ber (Zizyphus), and Kusum (Schleichera oleosa)—by attaching themselves and feeding on the sap. As they feed, they secrete a resinous substance as a protective coating, which gradually encrusts the branches. This natural secretion, together with insect bodies and debris, forms what is harvested as Sticklac.

The harvesting of Sticklac occurs after the insects complete their reproductive cycle. The encrusted branches are cut and collected, typically twice a year, depending on regional practices and tree type. The name “Sticklac” literally refers to the appearance of the resin clinging to the stick or branch.

Sticklac is the primary raw material in the shellac production chain. It generally contains 50%–60% impurities, including wood fragments, insect remains, and other organic matter. Despite this, it is a valuable natural product due to the lac resin it contains. Once harvested, Sticklac is processed to produce Seedlac, which is further refined into shellac in various forms (hand made, machine made, or dewaxed).

Sticklac is unique among natural resins because it is insect-derived, biodegradable, and non-toxic. Its applications span various industries—such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and varnishes—after appropriate refining. However, in its raw Sticklac form, it is largely used domestically for further processing or is exported under strict guidelines, as it forms the base of a significant traditional and commercial value chain in countries like India.